
The Assassination of William Lamb, Chief Secretary for Ireland, in 1829 was one of the pivotal moments in British History. Lamb was a younger son of Lord Edgemont, a brilliant man with enormous natural intelligence and potential. Not considered eligible or likely to inherit he family titles, he was educated at Eton, Cambridge, and Glasgow where he studied under the Whig professor John Millar, where he excelled in literature, drama, and religion. The death of his older brother in 1805 made him heir to the family name and fortune, altering forever his personal and professional life. As a young lord, he married Caroline Ponsonby, notorious for her affair with Lord Byron. Caroline died in 1828 while legally separated from Lamb, while her husband served as Chief Secretary for Ireland.
Lambs death was enmeshed in scandal and sedition. An ardent public disciple of the eighteenth-century Whig icon Charles James Fox, Lamb subscribed to political beliefs in the primacy of Parliament, religious toleration, limited monarchy, the right to private property, and civil liberty. These beliefs placed him in an ideal position to advocate for Catholic emancipation. Though his advocacy was a contributing factor, his affair with Lady Branden of Dublin and close friendship with Daniel O’Connell is often listed as the primary contributing factors in his murder. His close friendship with Daniel O’Connell, leader of the Catholic Association who initiated widespread agitation throughout Ireland and even openly advocated the possibility of revolution, put Lamb in a precarious position between Irish Lord Lieutenant and the British government. He was particularly involved in advocating for the Catholic Emancipation, a law that was intended to allow Catholics to serve in Parliament.
When Lamb was found dead from a bullet wound in his head after a public row with Lord Branden, it was widely believed that he was killed by then Lord Branden in a fit of jealous rage. Investigation by the newly founded Scotland Yard brought to light an argument between Lamb and his friend, Daniel O’Connell. Though a public advocate in religious tolerance, it was discovered that Lamb held private conservative notions in an aristocratic oligarchy rather than democracy, was skeptical about man’s ability to improve his condition through government action. These conservative ideas inspired him to oppose, covertly, the Catholic Emancipation act that was at the time moving through Parliament under Wellington. The spectacular arrest of Daniel O’Connell for the assassination of William Lamb drove Catholic Ireland into full rebellion that Spread across England and the British Empire. The British government, faced with rebellion and murder, reacted with the eight anti-Catholic Ordnances, and the appointment of the Eight Lords Inquisitor of England in 1829 to ferret out Papist sedition.
The Anti-Catholic ordinances of 1829, and the rebellion in Ireland focused power in the Lords Inquisitor, making them the most powerful single group in England by 1842 when the Catholic Rebellion was brought to an official end.